Disclaimer! This
is NOT an opinion piece, but rather a collection of various readings
and clippings which
serve to spur further exploration in the topic. These are not full
articles but simply excerpts from the bulk of reading material that is
available. As much
citation and references were taken with regards to the topic. Legitimacy
and
accuracy of the clippings are read at your own discretion.
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Bird Hazards
from Boeing.com
Prevention Strategies according to
Boeing Flight Crew Training Manual (FCTM)
Bird strikes during takeoff roll
from Boeing.com
While bird strikes usually inflict most damage on the engines, all areas
of an airplane can be damaged. Airplane damage and
effect on flight from bird strikes are closely correlated to kinetic
energy. (A 20% increase in speed
raises the kinetic energy by 44%.)
Most bird strikes occur on or near the ground, highlighting the need for
wildlife management on airport grounds and in the vicinity.
Common Misconceptions about Bird Strikes
A number of widespread misconceptions about bird strikes may give
pilots a false sense of security and prevent them from reacting
appropriately to the threat of a bird strike or an actual event. 
These
misconceptions include:
- Birds don’t fly at night.
- Birds don’t fly in poor visibility, such as in clouds, fog, rain, or snow.
- Birds can detect airplane landing lights and weather radar and avoid the airplane.
- Airplane colors and jet engine spinner markings help to repel birds.
- Birds seek to avoid airplanes because of aerodynamic and engine noise.
- Birds dive to avoid an approaching airplane.
In fact, none of these statements is scientifically proven.
Prevention Strategies according to
Boeing Flight Crew Training Manual (FCTM)
Although it is not possible to avoid all bird strikes, flight crews can take steps to reduce the chance of a bird-strike event. If a bird strike does occur, the appropriate action can improve the flight crew’s ability to maintain control of the airplane and land safely.
This information from Boeing FCTM provides flight crews and flight operations personnel with practical information about preventing and managing bird-strike events.
Prevention strategies
- Pilots should not rely on onboard weather radar, landing lights, airplane markings, time of day, or visibility to prevent bird strikes.
- Flight operations may need to be modified in the presence of known or anticipated bird activity.
- Delay takeoff or landing in the presence of bird activity.
- Below 10,000 feet, keep speed below 250 knots if operationally possible.
- Below 2,000 feet, climb at the maximum rate to reduce the flight time exposure to a strike hazard.
- https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/10/10/sfo-plans-to-surround-airport-with-10-mile-wall-to-protect-against-rising-bay-waters/Descend with idle power and avoid extended low-altitude level flight, particularly over water courses, nature reserves, or other areas of known or expected bird activity.
- When landing is assured, consider landing through birds versus a missed approach to avoid birds. This reduces the energy of the collision, the potential for increased damage associated with engines at a high power level, and the potential for multiple engine ingestion at low airplane energy states and low altitude.
- Avoid or minimize maneuvering at low altitude to avoid birds.
- Maintain as low a thrust setting as possible.
- If engine ingestion is suspected, limit reverse thrust on landing to the amount needed to stop on the runway. Reverse thrust may increase engine damage, especially when engine vibration or high exhaust gas temperature is indicated.
Bird strikes during takeoff roll
picture source from:
https://www.thejournal.ie/dublin-airport-birds-runway-2-3456678-Jun2017/
If a bird strike occurs during takeoff, the decision to continue or
reject the takeoff is made using the criteria found in the Rejected
Takeoff maneuver of the QRH. If a bird strike occurs above 80 knots and
prior to V1, and there is no immediate evidence of engine failure (e.g.,
failure, fire, power loss, or surge/stall), the preferred option is to
continue with the takeoff followed by an immediate return, if required.
Detecting a bird strike while in flight
- Visual: Birds seen in close proximity to the airplane or colliding with the airplane, bird remains on windshield, cracked windshield.
- Tactile: Vibration of air-frame or engine, thrust loss, asymmetric thrust, increased drag, abnormal airplane handling characteristics.
- Auditory: Noise of strike or noise attributed to resulting damage: engine surging, compressor stalls, aerodynamic noise from damaged radome, loss of pressurization from pressure vessel penetration.
- Olfactory: Smoke, odor, or cooked bird smell.
- Engine indications: Reduction or fluctuation in primary power parameter (e.g., engine pressure ratio, fan speed, or equivalent), abnormal fuel flow, abnormal engine vibration monitoring (e.g., error vector magnitude or equivalent), engine failure, engine exceedances.
- Flight instruments: Loss of data or erroneous indications arising from damage to air data sensors or angle-of-attack sensors.
- Other airplane systems or structure affected directly by a strike: Damaged communications or navigation antennas, damage to exposed electrical wiring or hydraulic lines, damaged radome or weather radar, broken landing lights, or cascading and multiple effects from sensor damage or engine damage.
The importance of reporting Bird Strikes
Flight crews and maintenance and line personnel are encouraged to report all bird strikes because data are essential to quantify and manage the hazard. Reporting bird strikes enables aviation authorities to monitor the risk to aviation and the effectiveness of wildlife hazard mitigation measures. Bird-strike data, together with knowledge of the operational environment, are utilized by Boeing as a basis of many airplane design features beyond regulatory requirements. Bird-strike data also help researchers understand the nature of strikes and develop a scientific approach to reduce the cost and safety consequences of bird strikes.
Hudson 15Jan2009
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/15/us-airways-plane-crash-new-york-hudson-river
Flight crews and maintenance and line personnel are encouraged to report all bird strikes because data are essential to quantify and manage the hazard. Reporting bird strikes enables aviation authorities to monitor the risk to aviation and the effectiveness of wildlife hazard mitigation measures. Bird-strike data, together with knowledge of the operational environment, are utilized by Boeing as a basis of many airplane design features beyond regulatory requirements. Bird-strike data also help researchers understand the nature of strikes and develop a scientific approach to reduce the cost and safety consequences of bird strikes.
Hudson 15Jan2009
From Sully staring Tom Hanks
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